ESSAYS

Sakshi is the witnessing consciousness in Vedanta, introduced as an accessible entry point for seekers. It illumines all states without change, but ultimately even the idea of “witness” is transcended in non-dual awareness.

The sadhana-chatushtaya are discrimination, dispassion, discipline, and the desire for liberation. Together they ripen the mind, preparing it for Self-knowledge.

Rajas is the guna of movement, passion, and projection. It drives action but binds the mind through desire and dissatisfaction unless guided by dharma and Self-knowledge.

Raga-dvesha are the likes and dislikes that color perception and drive action. In Vedanta, they are seen as binding only when they compel us to act against dharma.

The purusharthas are the four goals of human life: artha (security), kama (pleasure), dharma (virtue), and moksha (liberation). Vedanta teaches that moksha is the highest and ultimate aim.

Purnatva means fullness or completeness. In Vedanta, it is the true nature of the Self, ever whole and lacking nothing. Liberation is recognizing this inherent wholeness.