Jagat means “that which is born and that which goes.” Vedanta teaches the jagat is mithya — inseparable from Ishvara but not identical with Him. Creation is Ishvara, but Ishvara is not exhausted by creation.

Hiranyagarbha means “Golden Womb,” the cosmic subtle body. It is Brahman reflected in the total mind, sustaining the dreamlike subtle universe. Vedanta honors it as a teaching concept, while pointing beyond it to the Self.

Dvaita means “duality.” In philosophy, it names Madhva’s system where God, soul, and world are eternally distinct. In Advaita Vedanta, duality is provisional (mithya), ultimately resolved in non-dual Brahman.

Learn the Vedantic meaning of dhyana (meditation). Discover how it is defined as a steady flow of thought, why mind-wandering is part of the process, and how its highest form, nididhyasana, leads to abidance in Self-knowledge.

Buddhi means intellect — the faculty that decides, discriminates, and directs action. Superior to the vacillating mind, it reflects consciousness like the moon reflects the sun. Vedanta honors it as the seat of discrimination, while reminding us it is still not the Self.

Brahma satyam jagan mithya jivo brahmaiva na aparaḥ — Brahman is real, the world is dependent, and the individual is none other than Brahman. This half-verse condenses the entire teaching of Advaita Vedanta.