ESSAYS

Brahma satyam jagan mithya jivo brahmaiva na aparaḥ — Brahman is real, the world is dependent, and the individual is none other than Brahman. This half-verse condenses the entire teaching of Advaita Vedanta.

Avyakta means “unmanifest,” the seed state of creation. Identified with prakṛti, māyā, and mūlāvidyā, it is beginningless ignorance — the potential from which the world arises. Vedanta teaches that Brahman, the Self, is beyond both manifest and unmanifest.

Avastha-traya refers to the three states of experience — waking, dream, and deep sleep. Vedanta uses them as a mirror to reveal the witness, the Self, beyond all states.

Ashtanga Yoga — “the eight limbs of yoga” — is Patañjali’s system for disciplining the mind: yama, niyama, āsana, prāṇāyāma, pratyāhāra, dhāraṇā, dhyāna, and samādhi. Vedanta honors it as a vital preparation for Self-knowledge, while clarifying that liberation is knowledge, not experience.

Christianity survived not because of its historical truth but because of its mythic power. In grief, followers of Jesus transformed their teacher into a savior, and empire turned the story into a unifying force. Asia, meanwhile, carried forward yoga and Vedanta as systematic methods of inquiry into the Self. This essay explores how myth overshadowed method in the West, why it endured, and what Vedanta reveals about the half-truths of religion.

Antahkarana means “inner instrument” — the subtle body’s core faculty that appears as mind, intellect, memory, and ego. Vedanta shows it is not the Self but a tool, which, when purified, reflects the light of consciousness.