ESSAYS

Saguna Brahman is Brahman with attributes, known as Ishvara — the personal God, worshipped in devotion and meditation, provisional but indispensable in spiritual practice.

Anirvachaniya means indescribable — the world is neither ultimately real nor unreal, but provisionally real through the power of maya.

Manana is reflective reasoning upon the Upaniṣadic teaching, guided by scripture, to dissolve doubts after listening.

Shravana is the attentive listening to the words of the Upanishads as unfolded by a teacher, the first step in gaining self-knowledge.

The difference between immature and mature dispassion (vairagya) in Vedanta. Learn how dispassion evolves from frustration and disappointment into clarity, equanimity, and freedom through knowledge, discrimination, and silence.

Chitta is the storehouse of impressions and memory, one of the four functions of the mind. Inert and illumined by consciousness, it is not the Self.